Planting trees is likely to benefit people and nature in most situations. But it might not halt the degradation that has prompted you to act. Deforestation can result from many factors, including ignorance, poverty, market forces, political interests, weak regulations or a lack of capacity to enforce them. As well as planting trees, consider if you can tackle the root causes and protect existing forests and woodlands.

Trees are most likely to thrive in places where they are used to growing naturally. For this reason, it is usually best to plant trees on former forest land. The worst option is to convert other natural ecosystems such as grasslands, peatlands or wetlands to forest. These are also threatened habitats that need protection. Secondly, use native tree species. These are adapted to the local climate and soil, and likely support far more biodiversity than exotic species. Once established, native trees will spread naturally if there is space. A mix of species brings more benefits.

Gaining access to good locations for tree planting and ensuring those trees can grow undisturbed may require the support and agreement of others, from officials and community leaders to farmers and other land users. Stakeholder forums are a key feature of successful restoration projects. In larger-scale efforts, a landscape approach can help maximize the benefits and avoid trade-offs between different interests.

There are thousands of experts around the world who have dedicated their professional lives to the protection and restoration of ecosystems, and who can provide advice on where and how tree planting can be helpful—ask them! See a list of expert networks below—there might be one near you. Also, use the further guidance below to read up on the topic and join the growing network of people working to find the best way forward.

Restoring degraded ecosystems can yield steady improvements over long timeframes. It is a process, rather than an end goal. You can measure your success by identifying a few key indicators that are important to local communities. Taking time to plan will avoid costly mistakes. Economists estimate that investments in ecosystem restoration can generate multiple benefits for societies worth US$10 for every US$1 invested.